Choice of content to convey meaning and intention An effective communicator will exercise judgement over what content is relevant and interesting for speakers to hear.

Building on others When talk is being used to develop shared understanding, a skilled speaker will draw upon what others say when they make their own contributions. 

Seeking information and clarification through questions The skilled use of spoken language does not depend on speakers only providing information clearly, but also on their seeking relevant information and/or clarification from others: for example, through the use of appropriate, well-designed questions. 

Summarising This is the ability to provide a clear summary of matters presented or discussed: for example, the main points of a presentation, what has been agreed following a group discussion, or what questions have been raised in a debate. 

Maintaining focus on task This simply means the demonstrated ability to concentrate on what needs to be done and avoid distractions. 

Time management Effective speakers do not misuse the time available to them. For example, they will ensure that they keep to the allocated time when making a speech, avoid taking turns that are too long in a conversation, and manage the time available in a group discussion to ensure that it reaches a conclusion. 

Giving reasons to support views The key issue here is that, whether in presentational talk or in discussion, a speaker is able to explain and justify their points of view clearly and effectively in words.

Critically examining ideas and views expressed The focus here is on how well a speaker is able to use language to test ideas and opinions, in a way which is constructive but not aggressive.